Iranian International Journal Of Social Sciences
Volume:9 Issue: 1, Winter 2019

Freedom of religion and conscience is regarded among one of the human rights in international documents signed or declared after the World War II. In this paper I investigate from a legal perspective whether the freedom of religion and conscience and religious minority rights that Alevis enjoy in Turkey are in line with the standards in relevant international documents. Therefore I firstly examine the relevant articles in international documents on the freedom of religion and conscience and religious minorities rights such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966), the UN Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief (1981), Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (1998), and a prominent ruling of the European Court of Human Rights. Then, in light of these documents, I critically assess the condition of Alevis in Turkey from a legal perspective. I eventually concluded that Turkish laws and legislation, as well as official practices in Turkey, fail in three major areas to meet the standards of freedom of religion and religious minority rights in international documents.

The objective of this paper is to examine the standing and thinking of regional planning in the country’s planning system with an emphasis on national development plans. It intends to see to what extent and how this objective has been achieved or this type of thinking has been incorporated into development plans. By scrutinizing these plans both in pre-and post-revolutionary periods, the paper concludes that despite occasionally emphasis on regional planning, it has become a slogan not an essential and actual part of the country's planning system. The paper argues that this is due mainly to the country’s centralized administrative structure, the integral opposition of the bureaucracy to changes implied in the regionalization policies; the sectorial structure of the country’s planning system, and extreme deprivation of some regions and their consequent powerlessness to rally local potentials for development.

One of the issues of youth in Iranian society and Tehran city is drug use. Drug use is influenced by various factors (environmental and individual). In Bandura's cognitive-social learning theory, the process of integrating the individual and social factors on each other has been emphasized. Therefore, this research is shaped by this theory. The purpose of this article is to develop a model of drug use is based on individual and environmental determinants (locus of control, academic procrastination, academic burnout, positive attitude to drug use, parental monitoring, family conflict, drug use in the family, peers and local or place of resident) in young people. This research is multivariate correlation. To test the hypotheses related to the conceptual model, multiple regression and path analysis have been used. The sample size in this study was 460 (54 female, 406 male). The research tools were: RAPI, RLCS, MBI, APS questionnaires, and drug use situation questionnaire. According to the research, 21.3% of students did not use any drug use, and 62.2% used soft drug use and 16.5% of hard drug use. Regarding multiple regression, it can be seen that peer variables, drug use in the family, local, academic procrastination, academic burnout, positive attitude to drug use have a direct effect on explaining the variance of drug use in this model. The variables of family monitoring, family conflict and locus of control does not directly play a role in the model. According to the results of the research, the most effective variables on the drug use in the order are: individual attitude towards drug use, vulnerable local, academic procrastination, deviant peers, family conflict and family monitoring. Academic burnout variables also have no role in this model, which, unlike many theories, is due to the important role of other variables in the study of drug use in Tehran. Also, negative effects on drug use have been shown through the variables of drug use in the family and the locus of control.

The paper designs an indigenous module to upgrade the media literacy among high school students utilizing the “multimedia education”, “the cultural studies”, the theory of “New London Group” and “the political media literacy” by Ferguson. The method used is in two categories, documentary and survey. The population comprises of the tenth and eleventh graders in the 2nd region of the ministry of education classification upon the Cochran formula for which 384 students were selected. The cluster sampling, piecemeal analysis were used as the observation unit was the students. We have two series of variables for which the media literacy is the dependent and the students’ knowledge of media, the ways of media productions and the critical thoughts are the independents. Knowledge of media encompasses four sub-categories as the economics, politics, culture and the religious components. The hypothesis used is of the causative and the formal statistical test is of the simple regression and multi-variables. The regression results proves that independent variables have the meaning effect on the dependent variable for which the ways of media productions, critical thoughts and having the knowledge and cognizance of media dedicate the maximum effect on the dependent variable respectively but their effectiveness are not strong. The findings in this research prove that among the three indexes of the economic, political and cultural cognizance, it is only the economic knowledge which has a weak meaningful effect on the media literacy.

The student movement is considered as one of the important issues of Iranian political sociology, but its role and its nature and its relationship with other movements and movements in Iran have been discussed. The present article is trying to answer the role and function of the student movement in Iran. Using a descriptive-analytic approach, political currents have become instrumental in most of the contemporary social-political changes of the student movement and have functioned and functioned in terms of activity, as in the era of this movement, it was subjected to three streams Left (Marxism), nationalistic and religious, and in the era of the Islamic Republic in some time Fold influenced by Marxism and liberalism and then under the influence of Islamist currents, both reformists and conservatives, respectively. In other words, the student movement in the political-social developments of Iran as the easiest financer of deceit accounts has always been in the flow of political currents and more than an independent stream, a movement that has been affiliated with political factions and political movements.

Given the importance and impact of advertising on audiences, as well as the importance of the film industry and its undeniable role in the promotion and dissemination of culture, this research has been carried out. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of outdoor advertising techniques in movies (billboards, posters and bus banners) on the cinema attendance in Tehran based on the AIDA model. The research method is survey and a researcher-made questionnaire is used to collect information. Sample size based on Morgan's table was 414 people from Tehran, which according to its extent, the cluster sampling method has been used. The findings of the study showed that there is no differences between the various advertising techniques in movies (billboard, poster and bus banners) in attracting the attention of the audience. On the other hand, there is a difference between the various advertising techniques in movies in order to create interest, stimulate tendency and act. The results of Scheffe Follow-up test show that two methods of billboard and posters advertising have a better outcome than bus banners to create interest and stimulate the tendency and act in the audience.

Fatalism and Rationality are two separate valuable attributes. In Rationalism and rationality, the active and creative role of human is emphasized, meaning ignorance aversion, imagination aversion, illusion removal and superstition removal. This concept is the opposite of the concept of fatalism in which human has the minimum activity and the emphasis is very much on the role of trans-physics in humans’ destinies. The purpose of this article is to investigate the limits of rationality and fatalism in oral and folk (colloquial) literature of Kurdish people. In fact, the study attempts to reveal that to what extent Rationalism and fatalism exist in oral culture of Kurds through analyzing their oral literature. To achieve the mentioned objective, qualitative research method and thematic technique have been employed in the study and it seeks to reach the principal categories using de coding the data collected from interview with the selected samples. The selected samples have been restricted to theoretical saturation and time interview in order not to obtain new data from interviewing. The result of the study show the theme of Kurdish oral literature includes both rationalism and fatalism which determines that many sociological schools’ views and theories such as the theory of modernization which believes undeveloped societies won’t develop unless they get rid of the negative concepts and gravitate towards the positive concepts of rationality and wisdom are not true.

One of the important ways of studying of the personality and character of ethnics, nations and cultures is mainly accomplished via the opinions others formed about them. Since the onset of modernity, the West has been always a major other that explored every corner of the world. Along with colonial domination, the West has always tried to study and fathom other cultures in order to establish its domination and hegemony in every respect. Hence, the Kurds, like other Eastern cultures and important cultural groups in the Middle East, have always been the focus of the oriental studies. Accordingly, the present study attempts to investigate this issue and reveal the way the Kurds have been represented by orientalists. To achieve this goal, one of the earliest major texts i.e. “Narrative of a Residence in Kurdistan” has been studied. The result of this study indicates that in his travelogue Claudius James Rich applied a number of strategies including idealization, rituals of degradation, misrecognizing difference and exoticism. The Kurds were represented as a part of the Eastern culture compared to the Western culture and basically in stereotyped manners.